Defining rural areas wherever possible, the rural urban classification is used to distinguish rural and urban areas. Service delivery nigeria has one of the largest stocks of health workers in africa comparable to egypt and south africa. Section 1 to examine state intervention in the rural sector during the 1970s the green revolution, integrated rural development and basic needs and the lessons these provide for rural development policy in the 21st century. Community characteristics from the nigeria general household. About 60% of the states in nigeria, provide rural incentives to health workers that volunteer to serve in the rural areas, while others make rural service a condition for some critical promotion. The development space between urban and rural areas in nigeria is very broad in terms of the provision of economic development. Urban community is an area which is developed and civilized, based on geographical conditions.
Their homes and businesses are located very close to one another. A case study of odeda local government olg a case study of odeda local government olg, ogun state is presented here to show either the efficacy or failures of past approaches to rural planning in nigeria. Census output areas the smallest areas for which data are available from the 2001 and. For instance, some standardized definitions conceptualize rural by what is notnot urban, not metropolitan isserman, 2005, p. The characteristics of urban community are following. The nature and role of social analysis in planning. A special feature of african agriculture in comparison to the rest of the world is. The challenges of agriculture and rural development in. Agriculture is the primary industry in most rural areas.
Agriculture in nigeria is a branch of the economy in nigeria, providing employment for about 30% of the population as of 2010. The ten essential characteristics of the rural community are as follows. Due to the characteristics of rural areas in nigeria such as greater homogeneity, lack of social amenities and so on. As a discipline, it has a distinct body of knowledge, specific.
Third, high poverty and persistent poverty are disproportionately found in rural areas. Mixed but complimentary methods of data collection employed include consultations with key stakeholders, focus group discussions, questionnaire. Try to relate these classifications to rural areas you are familiar with. Rural poverty refers to poverty in rural areas, including factors of rural society, rural economy, and political systems that give rise to the poverty found there. The official language of nigeria, english, was chosen to facilitate the cultural and linguistic unity of the country postcolonization by the british.
Despite the strategies adopted by various governments in nigeria to address agriculture and rural underdevelopment problem, the story remains the same. Rural development in general is used to denote the actions and initiatives taken to improve the standard of living in nonurban neighborhoods, countryside, and remote villages. Rural area is sparsely populated because many people leaves rural areas and settles in the urban areas for more facilities. The socioeconomic characteristics of rural farmers and their net income in ojo and badagry local government areas of lagos state, nigeria. Olg is predominantly a rural area, which makes its choice of study even more appropriate. Healthcare access in rural communities access to healthcare services is critical to good health, yet rural residents face a variety of access barriers. Rural urban migration is the movement of people from the countryside or villages to cities or towns. For classification of rural areas are selected six indicators that form the complex criteria for determining the type of rural area. The country municipal solid waste characteristics and management in nigeria t. In a rural area, there are fewer people, and their homes and businesses are located far away from one another. Pdf semiurban and rural communities in nigeria ifeoma.
Guidelines on social analysis for rural area development. How realistic do you think these classifications are. Ending extreme poverty in rural areas fao ending extreme poverty in rural areas sustaining livelihoods to leave no one behind ending extreme poverty in rural areas sustaining livelihoods to leave no one behind sustainable development goal 1, ending poverty in all its forms, everywhere, is the most ambitious goal set by the 2030 agenda. The structure and pattern of rurality in nigeria request pdf. Chapter ii demographic characteristics of rural population the study of population characteristic is one of the most important topics in the geographical analysis of any region. As pointed out above, these characteristics are not limited to rural areas alone but are also found in urban areas in nigeria and other. Urban society is thickly populated because many people comes from rural areas and settles down here for. The rural urban divide is a challenge in nigeria as it is in countries across the world. There are still inequality and poverty particularly in the rural areas. The thrust of this paper therefore is to examine the pattern of rural and community development in nigeria, especially in those areas which have the greatest impact on the lives of rural dwellers. The second category includes mountainous, hilly and border areas. Densely populated settlements occur along the coast, in the yorubainhabited area in the southwest, and in the hausa and kanuriinhabited areas of the far north. Rural sociology focuses on how rural people and communities are socially, culturally, politically, and economically organized.
Rural america encompasses a wide range of regional differences. The relative improvement recorded in the agricultural sectors due to the introduction of scientific mechanised production also meant some people were relieved from farm operations in the rural areas. Rural areas are traditionally areas not included in the urban definition, and are usually large, open areas with few houses and few people, as opposed to urban areas which have larger populations. This lesson is going to describe many of the characteristics of rural communities. To worsen the situation, most of the young and ablebodied men who are supposed to adopt farm mechanization easily are continuously leaving the rural areas for urban cities in search of jobs with better remuneration. Rural poverty is often discussed in conjunction with spatial inequality, which in this context refers to the inequality between urban and rural areas. Appendix b characteristics of rural populations quality. A 1993 national academies report, access to healthcare in america, defined access as the timely use of personal health. Rural development has therefore been expected to extend the benefits of development to all those seeking a livelihood in rural areas including smallholders, tenants and the landless. Under what conditions may rural nonfarming activities develop. The workshop was conducted jointly with the research centre for. This is what is lacking in the rural areas of nigeria and else. The village communities are smaller in area than the urban communities. Rural area, quality of life, infrastructure, wellbeing.
Health the urban rural divide also extends into the health sector, where 80% of urban communities have health centers within 5km of the center of their community, in contrast to 57% of rural communities. It emphasizes the need for a paradigm shift in the development of rural areas in nigeria. Pdf evaluation of rural development strategies in nigeria. The sector is being transformed by commercialization at the small, medium and largescale enterprise levels.
The major native languages spoken in nigeria represent three major families of african languages the majority are nigercongo languages, such as yoruba, ibo, the hausa language is afroasiatic. Rural farmers and their net income in ojo and badagry local government areas of lagos state. The element of man has many facts, but the most fundamental is its number, distribution and movement aspects. Socioeconomic attributes of residents of slum and shanty. Problem and prospect of rural development in nigeria. Despite rapid urbanisation, the population in rural areas has also continued to increase in absolute terms. The urban areas all over the world offer a number of advantages in terms of.
For example, targeting of assistance programs for education, access to medical services, poverty alleviation, and broadband expansion depends on the status of these services in an area. External factors are due to natural characteristics of the property which affect the city. Mar 03, 2016 since majority of the population still live in rural areas, education which is believed to be the bedrock of any serious nations development should be experience serious development in rural areas, hence it is expected of nigerias government and relevant stakeholders to take the issues of education in rural areas seriously. This is especially true when speaking their native language, although many of the same characteristics have been carried into their english language usage. Rural urban migration is a reaction to some of the prevailing conditions in the rural areas. Socioeconomic factors affecting choice of livelihood. Rural areas harbour 75 per cent of the poor, who are. Rural development intervention and the challenges of. Apr 15, 2010 this study examined the social, infrastructural and economic conditions prevalent in some rural communities of enugu state, nigeria, where recent oil and gas prospecting activities have generated concerns for the environment and quality of rural life. Therefore, if living standards and income generations in rural areas are enhanced and rural immigrants to cities return to rural areas, excessive population influxes to cities should be reduced, causing poverty in the cities to decrease.
Eligibility for assistance programs will depend on whether an individual is classified as living in a rural area. Population increase has differential effects on rural and urban areas. Home columns sunday perspectives a brief note on the condition of rural areas in nigeria. A brief note on the condition of rural areas in nigeria.
Rural development is viewed as that development that is beneficial to the rural populations, according to olayide et al. Assessment of socioeconomic characteristics and quality of. According to oyesiku 2002, urbanization in nigeria has a long history in its growth and development. First, not all the characteristics described here pertain to. Rural development intervention and the challenges of sustainable livelihood in an oil producing area of nigeria1 babajide ololajulo, university of ibadan, nigeria in 2007, in igbokoda, the headquarters of ilaje local government, an oilproducing area of nigeria, adebayo asogbon, a. Read chapter appendix b characteristics of rural populations. According to the world bank, in 1960 85% of nigerians lived in rural areas. On the ruralurban divide in nigeria the guardian nigeria. Healthcare access in rural communities introduction. Chapter 4 the social dimensions of rural area planning. Over the last 50 years, many rural areas have become more densely settled by acquiring new residents and sources of employment, or suburbanized by increases in commuting to jobs in urban areas. The classification defines areas as rural if they fall outside of settlements with more than 10,000 resident population. Acta universitatis agriculturae et silviculturae mendelianae brunensis, 656.
Evaluation of rural development strategies in nigeria. The received rural migrants as city investment and employment opportunities were available and concentrated in the urban centre. Seasonal variation in physicochemical characteristics of rural groundwater of benue state, nigeria ocheri, maxwell idoko1 ahola oklo2 abstract groundwater exploitation for rural water supply without proper understanding of its chemistry and changes that may be induced by physical processes and anthropogenic activities may be counter productive. Students in rural schools are often more exposed to manual work than those in urban. Agriculture remains the primary source of livelihood for the rural dwellers in nigeria. Rural child tend to tack longer time before understand a specific concept of unlike urban and semiurban children, for example while those in. The majority of poor rural people are what we may call peasants, or their livelihoods have many of the characteristics of peasants livelihoods. Hospitals provide more services than health centers, and are therefore less likely. In parts of the igbo and the anangibibioinhabited areas in the southeast and the tivinhabited areas in the central region, settlements consist. A rural area is an area of land outside the densely populated urban areas in a town or city. Rural areas are large and isolated areas of an open country with low population density. These people engage in parttime farming activities with a mode of agricultural production distinct from that of other farms such as commercial. Some countries, such as japan, would require different population threshold to identify rural areas, for example, a threshold of 500 inhabitants per square kilometer km.
The rural areas of canaries, vieux fort and gros islet, on the other hand, attract people from other parts of the island hopeful of finding jobs in tourism, industry and commerce. C 1 department of agricultural economics and extension, university of port harcourt. Socioeconomic factors affecting choice of livelihood activities among rural dwellers in southeast nigeria 1 ifeanyiobi, c. The challenges of agriculture and rural development in africa. The history of slum can be traced back to the era of industrial revolution and urbanization which was characterized by migration of people from rural areas to urban centres seeking a better means of livelihood because of the desire and anticipated opportunities at the urban centres.
This is because the defining characteristics of the rural dwellers is an important component in defining quality of life and the data will provide different insights into the present state of residents in rural communities. We intend to establish that the pattern of development of the rural areas was not meant to improve the lives of the rural dwellers. The propensity to migrate from the rural areas to urban areas is presently high in west africa, as a. Absence of large city with over 30 thousand inhabitants. Cbship was expected to meet their health needs as well as provide social and financial risk protection to this group, which mostly reside in rural areas. In general, a rural area is considered a place of low population density.
Appendix b characteristics of rural populations quality through. The aim of this paper is to describe the rural structure of nigeria on. Jan 16, 2017 the rural urban divide is a challenge in nigeria as it is in countries across the world. The paper is a critical examination of rural development programmes and the challenge of rural underdevelopment in nigeria. As evidenced in the high rate of out of pocket payments for health care services 25, poor people financially contribute more to health care than official care and funds programmes in nigeria. The village communities are smaller in area than the.